Tuesday, November 8, 2011
Sunday, November 6, 2011
Strategies and Tactics
Several months ago, I received a very flattering e-mail from a reader. However, he did comment that he believed that I needed to spend more time addressing the tactical side of playing tennis. He raised a valid point, and I promised him that I would put this on my "to do" list for column ideas. I try to keep my promises.
A strategy is an overall game plan that incorporates specific steps that will be taken to achieve success.
Tactics are specific measures (either pre-determined or improvised) that permit a player to realize a game plan or strategy.
In playing this wonderful game of ours, a competitive player must have both a strategic and tactical approach to each match. However in determining each of these essential components, a player must realize his/her limitations!
I would love to have the serve/volley and chip/charge strategy that Stefan Edberg was so successfully able to execute when he competed on the ATP tour. Yes, I can play either, but they are not inherent strengths for me. If need be, I will employ either, but this is not my first choice for an overall game plan. Each person must be honest with herself/himself and recognize what is viable and what is not.
Recognizing one's limitations is a very useful "tool." Why? Well if we recognize what we can't do well, we avoid the techniques in critical match situations. More important, realization of one's limitations allows for a person to set goals that will improve her/his game! One of the most wonderful aspects of this great game is that there is always room for improvement!
I should mention the importance of setting and achieving goals in tennis. You will never reach your full potential unless you assess honestly, set goals for improvement, and construct viable action plans to realize these goals.Some years back, I wrote an article that addresses the importance of setting goals. You can access it here:http://www.tennisserver.com/turbo/turbo_99_11.html.
To expand your strategic options, you need to develop more specific tactics. Generally, this requires specific strokes, movement and/or conditioning.
I should also mention that each of you should know what "type" of player you are. This is critical in establishing a set of strategies that will "fit" you. Again, I wrote an article where I describe the two most common types of players. I refer to these as Type A and Type B. Of course, the goal is to become what I call Type C. Rather than belabor the definitions of these player types, I refer the reader to the original column available at:http://www.tennisserver.com/turbo/turbo_00_11.html. However, the "Type C" player is one who combines the attributes of both "Type A" and "Type B." In my mind, Andre Agassi began as a "Type A" player. Brad Gilbert enabled him to become a "Type B" player. Ultimately, he was an archetypal "Type C" player. Very few of us will ever reach "Type C" play and its limitless strategies/tactics. But, we can all strive to move in this direction!
Lastly, I shoustructures. These pyramids start with the most basic and essential aspects located at the bottom of each pyramid. As you move up the pyramid, the more sophisticated aspects are located. You can't build a good pyramid without establishing its base ld mention what are the hierarchical components when playing tennis. Essentially, I see two pyramid-like first!
Regarding Strokes, here is the basic pyramid of tennis:
5. Power
4.Topspin and Slice
3. Hitting in Every Direction
2. Hitting All Balls Deep in the Opponent's Court
1. Hitting Every Ball Over the Net... Even if it is hit out
It amazes me how many players (especially the younger, "Type A" competitor) will start with power... the last element in establishing solid strokes. Regarding where strategy fits into this great game of tennis, I offer the following pyramid.
5. Self-Actualization
4. Strategies and Tactics
3.Visualization and Mental Strength
2. Proper Stroke Development and Stroke Variety
1. Strength, Foot Speed, Endurance, Flexibility, Balance, Aerobic Capability
Note that I place strategies and tactics in the fourth highest position. If you have not developed the first three, you are not likely to be successful with respect to the fourth. I should note that self-actualization occurs in those rare instances where we are playing "in the zone." Nothing seems to go wrong, and everything is effortless. We are merely spectators watching in mindless amazement as we compete at a self-actualization level.
Having established all of the above, let's get to the heart of this month's column.
MOST COMMON TENNIS STRATEGIES
Simply keep the ball in play. Just get the ball over the net one more time than your opponent.
Hammer an opponent's weakness. If your opponent has a weak backhand, can't move well, or hates a particular spin, etc.; you simply do everything you can to exploit this weakness. Discovering weaknesses in players with whom you are not familiar may take some time. Usually, you can scout a player before a match. Sometimes, the warm-up will betray a weakness. Guess what! We all have weaknesses... even the pros.
Keep your weakness from being discovered. This is much easier said than done. The way to hide a weakness is to execute well in the warm-up, and to not attempt winners that involve the weakness during the match. I have literally coached players who have had no backhand of which to speak. Still in many instances, they hid this weakness by simply hitting safely crosscourt whenever a ball was thrown to his/her backhand.
Out power your opponent. Unfortunately, there are so many young players who use this as their only strategy. They go out on the court and literally try to bash their opponent into a loss. If you have "the goods," go for it. But, I don't recommend this strategy for the vast majority of players. Allied with this mentality, a player may possess a really great weapon... like a big, first serve or powerful forehand. Don't be afraid to utilize these... after all they are weapons. Just don't be seduced into believing that your entire strategy can be built upon power!
Push! I know. We all hate pushers. It almost seems "weak" to play this type of game. Don't let Brad Gilbert hear you think this out loud. He made a professional career out of massaging... not hitting... balls. Even if you are not capable of being a pusher, you can always temper your shots and take pace off of what you send in your opponent's direction. Adopting this strategy of three quarter pace shots may do two things. First, it may add control to your shots. In addition, it may actually frustrate your opponent who feeds off of shots that are hit to her/him with pace.
Serve/Volley and Chip/Charge. Sooner or later, this style of play is going to resurrect itself and become far more commonly played on both amateur and professional levels. Granted, modern racquet and string technology have made the net game a more difficult strategy. Let's face it. It is harder to close the net and not get passed when groundstroke oriented players tee off on passing shots. Like John McEnroe, I have hope for this strategy in the future. Sooner or later, the pros will adapt to the increased speed of the ball. Already, training techniques have greatly improved the foot speed of the modern player. Although many of you may not want to venture into this strategy, I strongly encourage you to reconsider your decision. It may be that serve/volley does not pay dividends for you. But, you would be amazed at how successful chip/charge can be even in the modern game.
MOST COMMON TENNIS TACTICS
Coast to coast tennis. This is really a wise tactic. Moving your opponent from corner to corner means that you are hitting crosscourt. Hitting crosscourt is percentage tennis. Why? Well, the net is lower in the center and by hitting crosscourt you actually gain extra court space in which the ball can land. Thus, you are increasing your margin for error. This type of tennis will force you to run as well, but more often than not, the player who decides to hit down the line will lose the point. To help make sense of this, you may want to read my previous column entitled, Euclidean Geometry available at:http://www.tennisserver.com/turbo/turbo_98_5.html.
In/Out Tennis. This is probably one of the most underutilized tactics in tennis. Given the fact that most, modern players are not comfortable at the net, why not move them forward and backward. Hit a moonball deep in your opponent's court and follow it with a short drop shot.
Never let your opponent see the same ball twice in a row. Many players (particularly "Type A" competitors) are looking to establish a rhythm when they are in a match. A great way to neutralize an even superior player is to vary every shot. Change the spin, change the pace, change the depth, etc. The goal is to never let the opponent establish a comfortable pattern of play. This is one of my favorite tactics and has won me many points, games and matches. When coaching tennis on the collegiate level, I would be spotting my players 20 plus years as we competed in practice sets. This style of play earned me the nickname, "The Junkman." I take the name as a compliment!
Take a step in after each groundstroke. Jimmy Connors and Andre Agassi were masters at this tactic. After hitting a groundstroke, each would take a little step forward. After several strokes, they were automatically in a position to hit a winning put away or charge the net for a winning volley. They were so subtle in this "advancement" that I suspect many of their opponents never realized that Connors and Agassi were increasing their court angles.
Important Tips
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- Watch the ball.
- After you hit the ball, watch the closest opponent's racket to you. That way you will gain information of what will happen next.
- Quit looking where you are hitting or serving the ball.
- Always think "Start the Point."
- Never look at your opponent's attire or face in a match. (do not make the match personal).
- When you are in the offense, move through your volley.
- When you are in the defense, stop and hit the volley.
- Volleys should be pulled. For example, for a right hander, pull right to left, high to low or out to in.
- Think of your volley as a comma.
- On your serve, example for a right hander, if the ball is to the right of your left hand or if you have to move your plant foot, (left foot for a right hander), do not hit the ball.
- On your serve and overhead, use your racket arm for height, like a ladder. Use your legs, your coil and wrist-snap for power. Save your shoulder. Think of how fast you can make the tip of the racket go, not how fast you can move your shoulder or the butt of the racket.
- When playing singles, keep a majority of all of your shots at three quarter depth. Keeping even a strong opponent at that depth will at least give you time to chase his or her shots.
- In doubles, remember to keep the ball low. All opponents are looking to kill the soft high balls.
- In doubles, the order of competing is to listen to your partner hitting the ball, then you want to know which opponent's racket you are playing against, then you want to rate that racket as green light, yellow light and red light. Green light, below the waist, move forward to attack. Red light, between the waist and shoulder, stop and defend. Yellow light, ball above their head, more like they are hitting an overhead at you. Cautiously move back quickly and try to stop right before they hit the ball and play the ball or move forward so as to take the shock of a hard overhead.
- The game is getting quicker, keep taking the short backswing on your ground strokes.
- Remember, you cannot win the point every time you hit it. Learn how to set the point up by changing the arc of your shots, the spin, your opponent's direction, etc.
- The most important shots in tennis are the serve, the serve return and your ground stroke.
- Having problems with your serve? Go out sometime and see how long it takes you to hit 5 serves in a row into the service box, four times. This will really calm you down in match play.
- The best way to get better is to hit more balls. Find a practice partner and hit at least two times a month for one and half hours.
- Always have a new can of balls in your bag. You are worth it.
Good luck on the courts!
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